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A manhole cover, also known as a maintenance hole cover, serves as a removable lid over the opening of a manhole—a passageway large enough for a person to access underground vaults or pipes. Its primary function is to prevent accidents by covering the opening and to deter unauthorized access.
Dating back to ancient Rome, manhole covers have been integral to urban infrastructure. Initially made from stone, they have evolved over time, typically constructed from materials like cast iron, concrete, or composite materials such as glass-reinforced plastic. These materials offer durability and strength, often exceeding weights of 113 kilograms (249 lb), which helps secure them in place and deters theft.
Manhole covers are commonly round, a design feature that has sparked various explanations and discussions. While originally posed as a job-interview question by Microsoft to assess problem-solving approaches, the round shape has practical advantages, including ease of manufacturing and installation, as well as structural integrity.
A typical manhole cover consists of a metal base and a cover, both often produced through casting processes. The covers feature pick holes for lifting, either through specialized tools like manhole picks or electromagnets. Some covers incorporate design elements or markings indicating the type of services below and the responsible authority.
Despite their weight and size, manhole covers occasionally fall victim to theft, particularly during periods of high metal prices. However, their ubiquity and diverse designs have inspired enthusiasts to collect images of them from around the world.
In recent times, there has been a shift towards gender-neutral terminology, with some municipalities renaming them "maintenance holes" instead of "manholes," reflecting evolving societal norms and inclusivity efforts.
